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- #Political computer espionage definition install
- #Political computer espionage definition software
- #Political computer espionage definition code
The last few years have seen states launch attacks on software owned by corporations whose products tend to be embedded in supply chains of critical infrastructure – as an easily deniable form of retaliation, to sow disruption and to send messages about their ability to defend themselves.Ĭyber crime is an enormous threat to individuals’ finances and personal data, and to their privacy and civil liberties. Global tech companies like Microsoft make the software that operates critical elements of national infrastructure in numerous countries, so a single point of weakness in an operating system can have far-reaching consequences. One of the most difficult aspects in protecting against cyber attacks is the blurring of lines between corporations and national governments. Much of their threat exists due to the increasing digitization of these services, the changing nature of technology, the complexity of supply chains, and poor cyber security awareness.Ĭritical systems may contain ‘zero-day’ vulnerabilities – weaknesses that developers and users are unaware of, and which are exploited by hackers (and sometimes state actors) to build ‘back doors’ into systems, allowing them privileged, illegal access. How dangerous are cyber attacks?Ĭyber attacks are most dangerous when they threaten critical national infrastructure, from energy and water supply to transport networks and healthcare provision. Is an attack in which multiple compromised computer systems attack a target – such as a server, a website or other network resource – to disrupt the flow of traffic and cause a denial of service for users of the targeted resource.
#Political computer espionage definition code
They can be attached to other programmes or hide in code that runs automatically when certain types of files are opened, such as in phishing emails. They can display irritating messages, steal data or give hackers control over a computer.
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VirusesĬan spread between files on a computer and have the ability to replicate themselves.
#Political computer espionage definition install
Once a trojan is installed, it may also install other types of malware. Pretend to be legitimate software but actually carry out hidden, harmful functions. SpywareĮnables the user to monitor someone else’s activities on computers, mobile phones and other devices by transmitting data covertly from the victim’s device back to the malware controller. This has been one of the most prolific types of cyber attack during the COVID-19 pandemic. Holds computers or files hostage by encrypting the data and withholding the access details from the legitimate user.Ī ransom payment is normally demanded to restore affected files or systems. Forms of malware include the following: Ransomware Is a catch-all term for software that lets an attacker exploit, destroy or compromise a single or multiple computers or computer networks.
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Phishing attacks often work by disguising malicious communications as originating from a trustworthy entity, like a bank or phone provider. It is essentially the act of getting someone to click on a link which either allows a malicious actor to gain access to personal information or downloads malware onto a user’s device. Is a method of fraudulently attempting to obtain sensitive information such as usernames, passwords and credit card details. There are many types of cyber attack and cyber crime, and their sophistication varies greatly. Attacks generally take one of three forms:Īttacks on confidentiality, designed to gain access to restricted information.Īttacks on integrity, which change, manipulate or compromise data and computer systems.Īttacks on availability, which deny or restrict rightful owners’ access to their data. Definition of a cyber attackĬyber attacks exploit vulnerabilities in computer systems and networks of computer data, or trick users to gain illegal access, with the intent to either steal, destroy or manipulate data and systems. There are many motives behind attacks, from sabotage and espionage to theft, fraud, ‘hacktivism’ and others.Īttacks can either be targeted – for example, the Stuxnet malware attack on Iran’s nuclear systems – or untargeted, like phishing emails which trawl vast numbers of email addresses. In the last few years, cyber attacks have become more sophisticated and pose an increasing risk to national security. Some cyber attacks are new forms of crime which can only be committed using ICTs, such as hacking and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. Cyber attacks exploit vulnerabilities in computer systems and networks of computer data, or trick users to gain illegal access.